Martha Pray and Joseph Wilkinson (52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2025 Week 38 theme: "Animals")

My 7X great grandparents Joseph and Martha (Pray) Wilkinson were born in Providence, Rhode Island in the latter part of the 17th century. They were married in Smithfield, Providence, RI in 1713 and  went on to have a large family of 15 children. 

Joseph Wilkinson had come to the northwest part of Scituate in 1703 and spent 10 years establishing himself there prior to their marriage.  He erected the first barn there to house the first cow brought to town.  His home, on the most northern turnpike, was considered to be a good farm. It was said that Martha had planted apple trees on their farm during the first year of their marriage. Both were doing their parts to establish a good home for their family in the new community.

Locations of Providence and Scituate, R.I. - Google Earth

Joseph was known to have used the hunting lodge that was built for the convenience of sportsmen from Providence and surrounding places. But sometimes the tables were turned and it was the wildlife doing the hunting.  

One often repeated story tells how Joseph and Martha in their early married years had to keep guard on their sheep at night to protect them from bears and wolves.  The sheep were kept in log enclosures near the house.  One night Joseph and Martha were awakened by the sound of a bear rolling the logs away; they had to get up quickly to rescue their sheep.  

Another frequently told animal story relates to Martha being visited by a bear when she was home alone. Martha had an apple tree full of ripe fruit that the bear was shaking from the tree. In desperation, Martha took her husband's loaded gun kept on a peg on the wall for just such emergencies. She took one shot.  This so frightened her that she dropped the gun, ran back into the house and fastened the door.  When her husband returned home and was told what she had done, he went out investigate and found the bear dead near the apple tree. Not only had Martha saved their apples but also provided some fresh bear meat for the family.

In fairness to the bears, black bears were believed to have been common throughout Rhode Island when the first Europeans arrived. Colonists soon cleared about 2/3 of the forest lands, drastically reducing bear habitat. It isn't surprising that the bears were doing what they could to find food amid depleting resources. Bears had essentially disappeared from the area by the 18th century.

Joseph died at the age of 58 and is buried in the Westcott-Wilkinson Lot (also known as R.I. Historical Cemetery #14); Martha lived to the age of 91 and probably told her bear story many times to her grandchildren and great grandchildren.

Westcott-Wilkinson Lot  burial site for Joseph Wilkinson (and possibly Martha Pray Wilkinson)

photo courtesy Gene Kuechmann of Findagrave.com

Some Resources: 

• A History of Scituate, R.I., Being an account of its Early Settlement & Events to the Present, Compiled by the American Studies Class, Scituate Jr./Sr. High School, N. Scituate, Rhode Island, Project Heritage 1977
• Beaman, C.C.,  An Historical Sketch of the Town of Scituate, RI,  published by Order of the Town Council, Delivered in Scituate July 4, 1876 at the Request of the Town Authorities, Phoenix Capron & Campbell, Steam Books and Job Printers 1877
• Roberts, Gary Boyd, "Genealogies of Rhode Island Families volume 1", New England Historical and Genealogical Society, 1989
• Kuffner, Alex, Providence Journal 11 June 2019, "Bears, too, Finding R.I. A Good Place to Settle Down" article accessed online 25 August 2025 from The Herald News at https://www.heraldnews.com/story/news/2019/06/11/bears-too-finding-r-i/4938185007/

Steve Bardahl: Sheriff in the Old West (52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2025 Week 37 theme: "In the News")

My great granduncle Steve Bardahl (1868-1947) was, for a period of time in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,  employed in law enforcement in North Dakota. News articles cover some of his cases dealing with bootleggers, con men, forgers, horse thieves, mental health cases, assaults and even a murder. 

The earliest newspaper report about Steve's law enforcement career is from September of 1897. 

Bismarck Tribune 1897-09-21 p.3 from Newspapers.com

Steve was listed as a "constable" in the 1900 US Census, was elected as Sheriff at Langdon, is called "Marshal" in Milton and also often served as Deputy Sheriff to Sheriff Allan Pinkerton in the south end of the county. (It should be pointed out that this is not the famous Pinkerton of Pinkerton Detective Agencies who had died in 1884. It is not known if the two are related.) 

Since the news reports are so numerous, just a couple of his cases will be featured.

First up: the horse thief Thomas McDonald.

Courier Democrat (Langdon, N.D.) 25 April 1901 p.1 from Newspapers.com

Although the stolen horses had been recovered, the thief and his ill-gotten gains had disappeared and Bardahl was "on the chase". By the time the above article was published in the Langdon Courier Democrat, McDonald had been captured.

Grand Forks Herald, 24 April 1901, p.5 from Newspapers.com

No mention was made in the Grand Forks article about any involvement of Marshal Bardahl, but the Langdon Courier Democrat soon rectified that.

Courier Democrat (Langdon, N.D.) 2 May 1901 from Newspapers.com

Also in 1901 one of the greatest murder scandals in North Dakota history unfolded on Steve's patch. The well-liked local farmer William Barry of Milton was charged with the murder of his equally well-liked hired man Andrew Mellen.

It seems that Mellen was thought to have wronged Barry's sister by not standing by her after getting her pregnant.  Barry initially said he had tried to hang Mellen, but when that failed, he had slit his throat. At the first trial, Barry's lawyers sought to absolve him of responsibility by pleading temporary insanity. 

Bismarck Tribune, Bismarck ND 7 Jan 1901 from Newspapers.com 

The unnamed sheriff pledging his personal responsibility for the defendant in the above news item was probably Steve Bardahl. Although there is no other indication that Steve was involved in the investigation, he was responsible for seeing that Barry was imprisoned after the first trial resulted in a guilty verdict.

 w

The Bismarck Tribune 29 August 1901 p. 2 from Newspapers.com

This did not end the matter. A second trial was held in 1903.

Sister blamed at Second Trial - Grand Forks Herald, Grand Forks, ND 19 Nov. 1903 from Newspapers.com

Throwing the blame on his sister did not work but did get his sentence reduced from life down to 10 years.  (The sister had mental health issues and died a few years later in an institution but no report could be found suggesting the birth of any baby.)  The third trial in 1904 resulted in his life sentence at Bismarck's State Prison being reaffirmed. Newspaper coverage was extensive over the years, filling many columns - most far too long to easily share here in readable format. 

Finally, in 1911 William Barry was released from prison putting an end to the case. Still, the community must have remained divided in opinion even after his release. No indication could be found about Steve having had an opinion in the matter, though no doubt he did.

William Barry Released - Grand Forks Herald, Grand Forks, ND 25 Jan 1911

Even Steve's wife Laura (sister to my grandmother Louise Nelson who had married Steve's half brother John Bardahl) adopted a role at least once -- accompanying a friend who was being sent to the state mental asylum. 

Courier-Democrat (Langdon, N.D.) 30 August 1906 from Newspapers.com

By 1907, Steve and Laura had moved to nearby Nekoma as reported by this newspaper item:

Courier-Democrat (Langdon, N.D.) 30 May 1907 from Newspapers.com

(Steve was also a terror to his sister-in-law Louise Nelson Bardahl who was certainly no evil doer. She was traumatized -- definitely NOT amused! -- when he locked her in a jail cell as a "joke".)

The final news item for Steve's career is from 1910 as he and Laura planned to leave the area. 

Courier-Democrat (Langdon, N.D.) 18 August 1910

Steve and Laura tried homesteading in Saskatchewan, Canada along with other family members. 

Steve's position as an effective law enforcer was not matched by a happy personal life.  Sadly, the loss of two babies in infancy and Steve's heavy drinking eventually put an end to their marriage and to life in Canada. Steve was living with his widowed mother in Lien, Grant, MN at the time of the 1930 US Census. 

Steve Bardahl believed to be the man on the right in this 1930 photo of his mother Anna Elton Bardahl including her other two  sons Ole and John and their wives Louise and  Anna

Shortly after this, he moved back to the Langdon, N.D. area where he died 24 July 1947. He is buried in an unmarked grave in the Lebanon Cemetery at Milton, N.D.

John Stanley "Jack" Anderson (1927-2003) (52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2025 Week 36 theme: "Off to School")

John Stanley "Jack" Anderson

The younger of my mother's two brothers, Uncle Jack was born in Everett, Washington when his family was living there for the winter of 1927-28. His parents Ingwald and Idella (Edwards) Anderson were American-born but had become Canadian citizens when Ingwald claimed a Saskatchewan homestead and Della became a teacher. All 5 of Jack's siblings were born in Canada. The first difference between Jack and his Canadian-born siblings occurred in his education; following from that, the second was in his military service and the third was in his choice of location for establishing his family and living out his life. 

His early years were spent on the Canadian farm. Like his older siblings, he attended Arrarat School, a one-room country school similar to the one where his mother had taught. All have fond recollections of walking across the prairie to school with lunch tucked into a lard or Roger's syrup can with handle. 

Jack's 3 oldest siblings "off to school" with lunch buckets

Music at Arrarat School - Jack standing 3rd from right, older sister Elinor standing second from left

My understanding is that Jack's allergies made him a very unlikely farmer; the family farm was eventually taken over by his brother Bob. There was no local high school for education beyond Grade 8. Correspondence courses were a partial option. Jack's older sisters had gone to "town" to work as household help in exchange for room and board so they could attend high school in person. Similar non-farming situations for boys would have been less easily obtained.

In  June 1942 he went to Moses Lake, Washington. to live with his maternal aunt and uncle, Grace and Floyd McBride, in order to attend high school. This must have been a difficult separation for him and  this whole close-knit family. His younger sister recalls not seeing Jack very often and, on one of his visits, running to him and throwing her arms around him - so happy to see him! In later years, the family made a point of getting together for many reunions, anniversaries and birthdays.

Jack surrounded by 3 of his sisters at the 1997 Family Reunion

 Jack was just 14 when he crossed the border at Eastport, Idaho,  stating his intention to reside permanently in the United States. 

Eastport, Idaho Border Crossing 30 June 1942

Jack worked in the McBride service station for room and board while attending Moses Lake High School where he graduated in June 1946. According to its Wikipedia page, Moses Lake High School was a 4-room public school known as Neppel High School until 1946 when a new building was built. It seems Jack was part of the last graduating class from the old school.

Moses Lake aka "Neppel" High School - photo by Rsusemihl

2018     This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

Three of Jack's older siblings had taken part in the Canadian war effort during the Second World War. Jack, however,  entered the U.S. Army in August of 1946 and after basic training was stationed with the 8th Army Headquarters in Yokohama, Japan for the next two years.    

Jack in American uniform

After his service, in 1948 he enrolled at Washington State University under the G. I. Bill. He graduated in June 1952 with a B.S. degree in Pharmacy.  Leaving the last words to Jack, from his biographical sketch contributed to the Roots and Branches family history book:

"I then went to California, intending to return to Washington, but I was offered a job and stayed.  I met Catherine * in the  spring of 1961 and we were married November 4, 1961.  We have lived in the Sacramento area ever since.  We have two children . . .  We bought Todd's Pharmacy in Sacramento in 1965, a small neighborhood pharmacy which we operated until 1990.  I semi-retired at that time working a day or two a week and fully retired in August of 1999.   -- by Jack Anderson, November 1999"

Some Resources: 

Anderson, R.W. and Barnard, Joanne, Roots and Branches:The Ingwald Anderson - Idella Edwards Family History, Privately Printed Calgary AB: Chokecherry Press, 2000.

"I've been working on the railroad, all the live long day . . ." (52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2025 Week 35 theme: "Off to Work")

Children (boys, in particular) love trains - train songs, toy trains, train-watching, and perhaps aspiring to work on a train when they grow up.

 

Trains in Montana 1905 from Winfield Scott Lemon's Collection

Steam engines ushered in the golden age of railroads. The huge demand for this method of transportation provided employment in all matters relating to this industry. Several men in my extended family tree chose railroad careers.

North American Railroaders 

The American railroaders in my own family  all relate to the family of my great great grandmother Barbara Hoover (abt 1834-1890) who had been married 3 times and had had at least one additional relationship. Her first marriage to cousin William Hoover resulted in the birth of Samuel Hoover. The second marriage was to Lewis Edwards; she gave birth to twin daughters Mary "Minnie" and Martha "Grace" Edwards. Barbara's third marriage to George Payton resulted in no children but Barbara had given birth to Charles Edwards between the death of her Edwards husband and her Payton marriage.

1. Charles F. Edwards (1869-1941) 

My great grandfather Charles Edwards left home at 17 to work on the railroad, starting as a call boy and later becoming a brakeman. While working for the railway he met his future wife Mayme Wescott who was working at a Montana restaurant. 

Computer Screenshot of Charles and Mayme's Wedding Photo from a video prepared by his grandson Lloyd Miller

After trying and failing to make his fortune as a fruit farmer in Kalispell, Montana, as a homesteader in Saskatchewan and as a prospector in the Yukon/Alaska gold rush, he periodically returned to the railroad. According to his daughter Marion, he  always worked for the Great Northern Railroad, but when it had a strike in 1914, he went to Canada and got work on the Canadian Pacific Railway ("CPR"). Every Canadian knows the significance of the 1885 completion of the CPR stretching from Atlantic to Pacific in the formation of Canada and the opening of the west to settlers; the year after his stint with the CPR, Charles tried homesteading in Western Canada.

The Great Northern stretched along the northernmost part of the United States from St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle, Washington. It expanded over the years to include several side lines, including some into Canada.

From the Great Falls Tribune, Great Falls, Montana June 20, 1905, p6 accessed on Newspapers.com

One of the perks of working for the railroad was passes for family travel. This was their general mode of transportation for regular visits to Mayme's family in Wisconsin and  the 1915 move to their Lancer, Saskatchewan homestead, for example. 

After losing his land in Canada, Charles again returned to railroading in the northwestern states, making the family home in Kelso, Washington. He lost a leg while switching when his foot became caught and the train wheels severed his leg.  The accident resulted in a railroad pension, enabling him to buy property at Castle Rock, Washington. It also resulted in somewhat cruel tricks played on at least a couple of his grandchildren who, upon meeting him for the first time, were encouraged to hit his leg with a hammer or poke it with pins.

2. Samuel L. Hoover (1855-1912)

Samuel was Charles Edwards' older half-brother. His was a long career in the railroad business.

Samuel Hoover

A certificate of the Union Pacific Railroad Co. dated 18 December 1898 in Denver certified that he had been employed as a Switchman in the Denver yard from 5 November 1895 until his resignation.

Union Pacific Certificate for Samuel Hoover, Switchman

He was the Master of the Grand Lodge of the Switchmen's Mutual Aid Association when he signed his own Delegate's Credential as a representative of Salt Lake City Lodge No. 71 at the Convention to be held in Dallas, Texas on 19 September 1892.

His Certificate of Examination from the Oregon Short Line Railroad Company Southern Pacific Company - Lines East of Sparks dated 17 September 1910 certified his qualifications as a "Herder" (coupling or decoupling engines upon arrival or departure of trains). More information can be found here about the life of Samuel Hoover. 

3. Henry M. Bradshaw (1879-1946)

Charles and Samuel's half-sister Grace Edwards'  second husband was a man named Henry Bradshaw. The 1920 census had Henry Bradshaw and Grace Bradshaw living in Portland, Oregon.  His age was 41, born Oklahoma and his occupation was as a switchman on the railroad.

Henry Bradshaw and Grace Edwards

4. John Filmore Lemon 

Grace Edwards' first husband was, according to his son Win, "an inveterate gambler" who would take her hard-earned wash money as well as his own small wage check and lose it over the card table. He worked at various odd jobs over the years but deserted her in 1903. I could find no evidence of him being connected to the railroad other than the mystery picture below. (Nor has evidence been found showing that John had divorced his first wife in order to marry Grace in 1891, yet in 1908 the newspapers announced the dissolution of Grace's marriage to him under the heading "Lemon Gets Lemon"!)

John Lemon in foreground on railroad track

5. Winfield Scott Lemon (1884-1966)

Purportedly the son of John Lemon, my half first cousin 2XR was born in Winfield, Kansas to one of twin sisters Mary "Minnie" or Martha "Grace" Hoover. His obituary repeats his own belief that his parents were Minnie Simmers Lemon and Harry Lemon. Minnie was never married to a Lemon; her husbands were Harry Simmers and Claude White.  Win was officially taken to be the son of Grace and her husband John Lemon. The following photo shows Win and his sister Maude at their home in Colorado with Grace and John Lemon. 

Win eventually made a career as a switchman on the railroad. He left school early and found work for the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company in Pueblo, Colorado  at the age of just 13 in order to help with the family finances. The miners' strike of 1902 put him out of work and he walked to Independence, Kansas (554 miles) to find work in the oil fields, but that proved too heavy for him. 

In 1905 he moved to Great Falls, Montana, the home of his uncle Charles Edwards (see #1 above); while there he hired out as a brakeman on the Great Northern Railroad where his uncle also worked. Many different jobs and moves led to a marriage to Anna Inez Boyd and the birth of son Winfield Lester Lemon in 1909.

Although his formal schooling was cut short, he was a man with a love of learning and expanding his abilities. While working full time, his "hobby" was to  concentrate on chemistry and metallurgy for many years, building up his own well-equipped laboratory and shop for research. He said that while working with George Hibler, the chemist for Wasatch Oil Refinery, they developed asphalt. 

1914 Day Coach at the Salt Lake City Depot, Winfield Scott Lemon switchman 2nd from left

Mostly, Winfield worked as a railroader. His railroad service as listed in his history (see Resources):

"1905 -  Great Northern RR - Great Falls, Montana

1906 - Rio Grande Western RR - Salt Lake City, Utah

1907 - Great Northern RR - Great Falls, Montana

1907 - Oregon Shortland RR - Salt Lake City, Utah

1909 - Great Northern RR - Great Falls, Montana

1910 - Oregon Shortland RR - Salt Lake City, Utah

1917 - Utah Junk Local - Midvale, Utah

1918 - Northern Pacific RR - Pasco, Washington

1922-1951 - Union Pacific RR - Salt Lake City, Utah

TOTAL TIME WITH RAILROAD: 31 YEARS, 3 MONTHS, 22 DAYS"

 

Scottish/Canadian Railroaders

Railroads had really started in Great Britain and at one time covered the country with a web of rail lines. My granddaughters' family tree contains the following additional men who made careers on the railroad:

6. James McKimmie Grant (b. 1879)

James McKimmie Grant is my granddaughters' 3rd great grandfather. James was born in Alves, Morayshire, Scotland. By the time of his 1903 marriage to Susan Lawrie, he was in his mid-20s working as a railway clerk. In 1908 he was working as a railway signalman. He advanced from there to become station master in 1928.

2006 photo by Iain Macaulay/The Old Station at Alves  The copyright on this image is owned by Iain Macaulay and is licensed for reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.

7. George Lawrie Grant (b. 1908)

George Grant on the left with brother Allen and family - photo courtesy Irene Grant Smith

James and Susan's son George was born 1908; he is my granddaughters' 2nd great grandfather. At the time of his 18 August 1928 marriage to Dora Flora Burns in Kilmany, Fife, he was listed as a railway clerk with an address in "Railway Cottage, Wormit". (Within a few months they had moved to Kinglassie, Fife, so the Wormit connection appears to have been brief.)

Wormit was just a hamlet until the Tay Rail Bridge over the Firth of Tay opened in 1878. This connected it to Dundee on the other side of the Firth and made its owner, the North British Railway Company, the predominant player in the battle for railway supremacy in Scotland. It was the longest railway bridge in the world at the time.

I admit to having gone down a deep rabbit hole at this point, but my engineer granddaughter will be interested to learn of the disaster that had befallen that first bridge, long before her 2nd great grandfather lived in the vicinity. The bridge had been open for less than two years when a terrible storm caused the 13 central high girders to collapse. A Court of Inquiry placed the blame on the design by civil engineer Thomas Bouch, though there is some evidence that the blame should have been shared more broadly. Within 5 years, the new Tay Railway Bridge was constructed; it is over 2 miles long. A wonderful silent black and white film was shot crossing the new bridge in 1897 and can be viewed here. 

Dusking Tay Bridge with stump from original bridge highlighted in the setting sun - 2007 photo by Ross2085. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. 

8. James Grant (1928-2001)

Railroading carried on into the next Grant generation. George Lawrie Grant's son James born shortly after his parents moved to Kinglassie, Fife, Scotland was my granddaughters' great grandfather. 

James Grant as a young man - photo courtesy Irene Grant Smith

After his stint in the British army, he moved to the railway hub of Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada. He sent for his wife Marian to join him, but she hated life in Northern Ontario and moved to Montreal, Quebec; James soon followed. He spent his life as an engineer for the Canadian National Railway ("CNR") system, the headquarters of which were in Montreal.  He was chosen to drive the new Via Rail train when CPR and CNR passenger businesses were combined in the late 1970s. He worked there until he retired. 

James Grant after his retirement - photo courtesy Irene Grant Smith

In my extended family tree, working on the railroad seems to have ended with James Grant's retirement. Once a viable career path chosen by many, it has faded from the list of common jobs but children still often answer the question of what they want to be when they grow up with an enthusiastic "A train engineer!"

Some Resources:

• Miller, Marion Frances Edwards; My Memories, personal memoir written for her family in January 1978 from her home at 5405 Union Street, Lexington, Michigan
• Lemon, Winfield Scott, "Compilation of History prepared in response to constant requests from grandson Dick", Privately printed c.1965
• "The History of the Tay Bridge Dundee," Network Rail website https://www.networkrail.co.uk/who-we-are/our-history/iconic-infrastructure/the-history-of-the-tay-bridge-dundee/ accessed 8 August 2In m025

Douglas Paul Barnard, Master Brainteaser (52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2025 Week 34 theme: "Playtime")

Douglas Barnard from his obituary in the London Daily Telegraph 18 May 1994 p.25 accessed on Newsapapers.com 

Douglas Paul Barnard (aka Douglas St. Paul Barnard) was my husband's first cousin once removed. Born 27 January 1924 in Pakefield, Suffolk, England to Arthur and Laura (Parry) Barnard, his idea of playtime might not be everyone's idea of fun. As a cruciverbalist, his work was his play. (To save you the trouble since I had to look it up anyway -- a cruciverbalist is a compiler or aficionado of crossword-puzzles. And -- full disclosure: I have been a lifelong cryptic crossword puzzle junkie, a hobby shared with my mother and her brother Bob. I am in awe of the work of Douglas Barnard.)

Douglas Barnard's father Arthur was the younger brother to my husband's grandfather John Mathias Barnard. (Whereas John Mathias was a large man standing over 6 feet tall, brother Arthur's service records from when he signed up for the army at age 18 show him to be less than 5 feet 5 inches tall and weighing just 124 pounds. Perhaps he was still growing?) After serving with the British army during the Boer War and in India from 1896-1908, Arthur committed to service in the Christian ministry. To this end, Arthur moved his family to Australia in the 1920s. 

Young Douglas grew up in Australia and obtained his education at the Brisbane Boys'  College. He compiled his first crossword at age 15.

He started work as a bank clerk, but soon enlisted in the Australian army at Launceston, Tasmania on 10 March 1942 shortly after turning 18. His capabilities were soon recognized and he was sent on a Junior Leaders Course followed by selection for the Royal Military College. Records indicate he was a Bombardier. His casualty forms list frequent illnesses and problems with his eyes and with his right ear after a gun blast near it. It is difficult to follow his military records with any real idea of what he was doing; there is a very mysterious reference to his having "m/in from Queensland LofC area  GDD" and embarked from Cairns for "Mexico" (yes, with the quotation marks) on 19-02-45 and then having disembarked at Aitape (surely this is in New Guinea?) on 3-1-45.  He was promoted to Sergeant on 8 November 1945 before his discharge from service in 1946. 

Perhaps he was actually an intelligence officer during the War as reported by a couple of sources (see Gilbert article and Best for Puzzles website in Resources below). If his talents were not taken advantage of in this way, a great opportunity was missed. No official source has been found, but his was exactly the sort of mind required at Bletchley Park or its Australian counterpart Central Bureau. 

At the end of the War, Douglas transferred to the Army Psychology Corps. Then in 1946 he entered Tasmania University to study political science. He was expelled for publishing a pamphlet calling one of his professors a Communist. Later vindicated when that professor was discharged, it nevertheless cost Douglas the Rhodes Scholarship he had won to study at Oxford. 

When paralyzed from polio at age 25, he was told he would never walk again. With characteristic determination and ability, he designed his own leg clamp and got himself back on his feet.  

In 1954, Douglas moved his wife and children to England where he found free-lance work, including as an occasional crossword compiler for the London Daily Telegraph. By the time his obituary was published in that newspaper on 18 May 1994, they reported that he had compiled 2,956 puzzles for them over a course of 40 years. They added that "recently his crosswords had appeared on Mondays because their clarity and cryptic elegance were considered a refreshing challenge after a relaxed weekend."

His book Anatomy of The Crossword is a classic for demystifying the cryptic crossword (which is unlike the more straight-forward encyclopedic version more common in North America). Having figured out on my own how the cryptic clues can follow a number of different formats, it delighted me to read this book and learn that the patterns all had names and explanations. He expounds on the use of puns (based on homonyms and homophones), drollery, allusion, dialectic clues, dilemmatic clues, paragrams, anagrams, disjunctive clues, parabolic clues, and finally the all-encompassing cryptic licence that may be taken by the cruciverbalist. Oh, my! 

Barnard's Anatomy of the Crossword, 1963

According to his obituary:

A true polymath, he quickly grasped the arcane details of any discipline. Science, mathematics, computers, religion and philosophy were of particular interest to him, but he was also a talented handyman who rewired, replumbed and restored his large Georgian house almost single-handed. 

He designed and built a large Adam-style mantelpiece, restored a Bechstein grand piano and collected and restored Oriental antiques.  

His interest in politics led him to run as a Conservative candidate in the 1964 election; he did not win a seat. 

Over the years, he set many other brain-teaser puzzles and wrote many articles as a freelance journalist, often under various pseudonyms. It takes a special mind to turn mathematics into playtime.

The Rochdale Observer 24 April 1965 accessed on Newspapers.com

In addition to his Adventures in Mathematics (1967), he also wrote The Puffin Book of Car Games (1977), It's All Done by Numbers (1968), 50 Daily Telegraph Brain-Twisters (1985), Figure it Out (1973), One Hundred Brain Twisters (1966), A Book of Mathematical and Reasoning Puzzles (1962) and 50 Observer Brain-Twisters (1963). So much playtime created by him for so many puzzle enthusiasts!

Here is an example of one of his regular Brain-twisters (and, no, I haven't tried to solve it, before you ask!):

The Observer 10 January 1965 p.39 from Newspapers.com

As to why he added the "St." to change his name from Douglas Paul Barnard to Douglas St. Paul Barnard or D. St. P. Barnard, no explanation has been found. Probably there is some sort of cryptic or mathematical clue. Perhaps the "s" and "t" are needed to create an anagram: absurd lapdogs rant? about grandads plural? Sorry, Douglas, some of us need a more fulsome clue to solve this one!

Some Resources:

• Australia, World War II Military Service Records, 1939-1945 for Douglas Paul Barnard, accessed on Fold3
• Barnard, D. St. P., Anatomy of the Crossword, London: G. Bell and Sons, Ltd. 1963
• Barnard, D. St. P., 50 Daily Telegraph Brain-Twisters: a book of mathematical puzzles and reasoning problems, Javelin, 1985, accessed on 25 July 2025 on Internet Archive at https://archive.org/details/50dailytelegraph0000doug/page/12/mode/2up
• Best for Puzzles Website, Crossword Who's Who for Douglas Barnard accessed online 25 July 2025 at https://bestforpuzzles.com/people/b.html
• Gilbert, Val, "The Telegraph Crossword is 80 and Still Going Strong", 30 July 2005 from the Narkive Newsgroup Archive  accessed online 25 July 2025 at https://rec.puzzles.crosswords.narkive.com/5ALuWsOd/the-telegraph-crossword-is-80-down-and-still-going-strong
• Obituary for Douglas Barnard, The Daily Telegraph, London, England, 18 May 1994, p.25.

John Wickes (52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2025 Week 33 theme: "Legal Troubles")

My 9th great grandfather John Wickes (1609-1676) came from Staines, England, to New England aboard the Hopewell in 1635. Like many of my English ancestors, John had come to New England for religious freedom, but his nonconforming religious beliefs landed him in trouble wherever he went. It seemed it was acceptable among nonconformists to be nonconforming -- provided you conformed to the predominant nonconformist dogma. Religious freedom always had its limits.

John was a tanner by trade. He, his wife Mary Rhodes and their baby daughter Hannah (my 8th great grandmother) settled first in Plymouth Colony. John and Mary went on to have two more daughters and a son. 

Within a few years, John had become a "Gortonist", following the beliefs of the radical  Samuel Gorton. The group was progressive in many admirable ways, believing in such things as abolition of slavery, religious freedom for all, and women's right to speak and to be listened to. Outrageous! Blasphemy! Heresy!

Gorton was willing to accede to the authority of the King of England but denied being subject to local civil authority and its magistrates when he was taken before them. John Wickes was among those banished from Plymouth. Thinking to find acceptance in the more liberal-minded colony of Rhode Island, they moved first to Aquidneck (later known as Portsmouth), but they were soon expelled from there too, and finally even from Providence, where Roger Williams and his Baptists had moved to escape from Puritan rule. In fairness, the civil authorities at Providence were probably more problematic for the Gortonists than were the Baptist religious leaders.

Heading into the wilderness outside Providence, the group intended to settle at Pawtuxet but a handful of English settlers already there were not happy to accept them, so they moved on yet again.

In 1642 John Wickes was one of the original purchasers of Shawomet (later known as Warwick, RI) from Miantonomi, the Narragansett sachem. The Gortonists felt more welcome among the Narragansetts than among their fellow English settlers. 

By 1643, Massachusetts was demanding that the settlers of Shawomet appear before their court; the Gortonists sent a lengthy letter denying that Massachusetts had any jurisdiction over them. This angered the Massachusetts authorities who responded by saying armed guards would be sent to force their compliance. And thus began a "little war" with the 11 Gortonist men badly outnumbered. No one was killed and not a single shot was fired by the Gortonists who ended up taken away as prisoners to Boston with no idea what would become of their families. 

On 17 October 1643 the prisoners were brought before the court on charges of heresy and sedition. The wording of the charge from page 20 of the History of Warwick Rhode Island is given for Gorton (but was very similar for all the men charged, including John Wickes):

Upon much examination and serious consideration of your writings, with your answers about them, wee do charge you to bee a blasphemous enemy of the true religion of our Lord Jesus Christ and His Holy ordinances, and also of all civil authority among the people of God, and particularly in this jurisdiction.

Gorton was condemned to death but the majority of the court refused to sanction this sentence. In the end, he and  six others were sentenced "to be confined to irons during the pleasure of the court and, should they break jail, preach their heresies or speak against the church or state, on conviction they should die." The seven men were separated and sent in chains to different towns. John Wickes was sent to Ipswich.

The pleasure of the court did not last very long. By April 1644, the men were welcomed back by their families and the Narragansett sachems; a new council was formed in which all agreed to submit themselves and their lands to the government of England. Samuel Gorton, John Wickes and two other men were appointed as commissioners. 

On 15 May 1646, the first meeting of the General Assembly of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was held in Portsmouth. On 19 March 1647, a formal charter was adopted including the towns of Providence, Newport and Portsmouth; Warwick was added to the group. Six men were to represent each town and a council (including John Wickes) was elected. In a somewhat ironic twist of fate, John also served as Town Magistrate. He was Assistant on the Governor's Council in 1659, 1665 and 1666. In all, John Wickes represented Warwick in the General Assembly for 19 years. 

John's wife Mary died in 1661. All four children grew up, married and had lives of their own. 

At the time of King Philip's War (1675-1678), Wickes was not persuaded that he needed protection from the Native Americans; he felt sure that his lifelong good relations with the Narragansetts would hold. It is said that when the attack came, it was not by the Narragansetts but by Pequots and Mohegans, strangers to him  from Connecticut.  In any event, after the town was burned, he ventured out to try to find his cattle and did not return. His severed head was found placed on a pole outside the burned remnants of his home. In the end, it was not his legal troubles that proved to be his greatest danger. 

John Wickes Memorial photo by Garrett Green on Findagrave.com - This is a two-sided memorial with this side containing the harrowing description of his death

Some Resources:

• Chapin, Howard M., Documentary History of Rhode Island, Providence: Preston & Pounds Co, 1912 accessed 21 July 2025 on Internet Archive at https://archive.org/details/cu31924028851711/mode/2up?view=theater
• Dae Powell, "Ancestral Glimpses", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/ancestral-glimpses/I5923.php : accessed 17 July 2025), "John Wickes (1609-1675)".
• Fuller, Oliver P., History of Warwick Rhode Island, Providence: Angell, Burlingame & Co., 1875 accessed 18 July 2025 on Internet Archive at https://archive.org/details/historyofwarwick00fullrich 
• Warwick Rhode Island Digital History Project accessed 19 July 2025 at  https://www.warwickhistory.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=476:samuel-gorton-15931677&Itemid=130

The Andersons at Bawlf, Alberta, Canada (52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks 2025 Week 32 theme: "Wide Open Spaces")

My maternal great great grandfather Israel Anderson (1829-1910) spent a lifetime searching for wide open spaces. Born in 1829  and raised in Laxarby, Västra Götaland, Sweden, 3 miles from the nearest town, he moved to Norway as a young man to work on a farm there. He married farmer's daughter Johanna Gundersdatter Opsahl and moved to America in 1856 with wife and their first child, my great grandfather Anders (Andrew) Anderson. 

Israel and Johanna went on to have the following children: Andrew b 1855, Sophia b. abt. 1856, Ida b. 1858, Gunelius b. 1862, Olava b. 1864, Annetta b. 1868, John b. 1868, Betsy b. abt. 1870 and Carl Gustaf b. 1873. Johanna died in 1900.  

Over the years, the call of its wide open spaces took Israel and family to several newly developing areas on the American frontier. After first settling in Decatur, WI, they moved on to Northwood County, Iowa and then to Grafton, Dakota Territories, traveling by train and covered wagon. In 1901 son Carl Gustaf moved across the border to homestead in Manitoba. In 1902 son Gunelius moved his family to Canada as well, settling in what became the Bawlf area of what was then the North-West Territories.  In 1903 Israel himself emigrated for a third and final time to join Gunelius in the Bawlf area. He was a widower in his mid-70s.

Alberta was not even yet a province when Israel arrived. In 1903 the land was still part of the North-West Territories, and, of course, before that had been part of the truly wide open spaces occupied by the western First Nations peoples. At noon on 1 September 1905 Alberta became a Province of Canada. Israel had been there for a couple of years by this time.

Google Earth view of Bawlf area - showing the present-day checkerboard of fields that were wide open spaces when the Andersons arrived

The Village of Bawlf was established in the vast Canadian prairies in 1905, the same year that Alberta became a province. Named for Nicholas Bawlf, president of the Winnipeg Grain Exchange, the town came into being alongside the new railroad. Farming and shipping grain were its raison d'être.

Son Gunelius "G.I."  had moved there the preceding year with his family. The following is from a letter dated 17 May 1977 from Ernie and Esther Anderson to R.W. "Bob" Anderson, based on their recollections of  comments made by Gunelius's son Lawrence Anderson: 

"G.I. left Edinburg, N.D., where he owned a hotel, in 1902 and moved to Alberta. Andrew and John came up two years later and bought a half section beside the homestead. Lawrence was saved land, proved it up and got it at age 21. The railroad came in 1906. Israel homesteaded near his sons' farms and was required to spend a few months each year on his homestead, so he had a house on skids that he pulled over to the land in summer and then back to the sons in the winter.    Lawrence said they lived in 2 tents when they arrive in Daysland and lived in them until three weeks before Christmas when their house was finally ready for occupancy. It was bitterly cold, he remembers."

The 1906 census of Alberta shows Gunelius at section 8-45-17-W4M, his sons Emil at 10-45-17-W4M and Lawrence at 30-44-16-W4M. Another brother, John Anderson, had homesteaded at Bawlf just east of his father at NE36-44-17 W4M.

Homestead application of Israel Anderson

Sadly, on 7 March 1910, at age 80, Israel died before proving up his homestead application. 

1910 Post Card from Gunelius Anderson advising sister Sophia of Israel's death

Decades ago my uncle Bob Anderson and his son visited the rural Lutheran cemetery near Bawlf  where Israel is buried. A few years after this, while attending a kids' hockey tournament at nearby Daysland, my husband and I also paid Israel's gravesite a visit.

Two of His Male Anderson descendants visit Israel's burial location 

In 1998, in response to my letter to the Village of Bawlf, local resident and historical record-keeper Lil Bohmer sent me a considerable amount of information based on local knowledge of the family. Lil was a member of the same Bawlf Lutheran Church as the Andersons and was the record-keeper for the cemetery. She provided the burial locations for Israel as well as for Gunelius, his wife Sophia, their daughter Gina Reesor (1891-1928), son Emil (1884-1950) and son Alfred (1886-1954).

Lil went on to say: 

I found in the Daysland History book the enclosed information about Kenneth and Aleda Anderson. Also in the book were copies of maps showing land owners in the early 1900s. Another son of Gunelius and Sophia farmed north of Ohaton. He was known as Ike but a gentleman who knew him said he thought his given name was Israel - after his grandfather. The other son Lawrence, who farmed with Alfred later lived in Daysland. I found several people who remembered Gunelius and family but no one is left who would remember Israel. The house that the Andersons built on their farm was considered a beautiful place. Their neighbours and church friends were all there for Open House when it was completed. A few years ago that house was moved into Daysland to be a neat looking place yet. It was a 2 story. The fact that it had a kitchen nook and a dining room had impressed everyone. 

Israel's grandsons Clarence and Ingwald (sons of Andrew) homesteaded in the Lancer area of Saskatchewan, Canada a few years later. The wide open spaces of the Canadian prairies did not suit everyone. Some of the sons or their descendants ended up moving back south of the 49th parallel. The current crop of Andersons inhabiting Canada's wide open spaces primarily descend through the Israel/Andrew/Ingwald line. 

3 of Israel's sons backed by their sons about 1915: lower left my great grandfather Andrew Anderson in front of his son Clarence, lower centre Gunelius in front of his son Emil and lower right John in front of his son Victor. The picture was taken after Victor returned from fighting in World War I